Ingxaki yobungxowankulu boMzantsi Afrika inokoyiswa kuphela ngotshintsho lobusoshiyali. Inye jwi indlela yokuphuma kweli phupha libi; kukuqhawuka kulenqkubo edale lengxaki. Elona kamva elicacileyo nelibonakalayo lolutsha lwaseMzantsi Afrika, abasebenzi, kunye nabantu abacinezelweyo likamva lobusoshiyali.
Intsomi yenkululeko
Ingxaki yobungxowankulu ibaluleke kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika. Isininzi sabantu abahluphekileyo nabasebenzi ngabona bantu abachanwa kakhulu zezi ngxaki: intswela-ngqesho yabantu abaninzi, ukunqongophala kwezindlu ezifanelekileyo, imfundo engonelanga, ukungabi namhlaba, kunye nokwehla kwemigangatho yokuphila ngokukhawuleza. Oyena nobangela wale meko usekwinkqubo yongxowankulu, engakwaziyo ukunika kwanokuncipha okuncinci kubasebenzi nakwabahluphekayo.
Ulawulo lwentando yesininzi esesikweni yafezekiswa ngo-1994 ngokubhukuqwa korhulumente wocalucalulo. Kodwa ubutyebi bongxowankulu basala bungakhange buchaphazeleke. UMzantsi Afrika uhlala ulilizwe elizimeleyo elilawulwa ngongxowankulu, ulawulwa ngqongqo kwaye ulawulwa ligcuntswana loongxowankulu, oonobhanki, abanini mhlaba, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zamazwe. Baye bazimanya neqela eliphangaleleyo loongxowankulu abakufutshane ne-ANC kunye norhulumente.
Imeko yezoqoqosho
Imigaqo-nkqubo yongxowankulu eyalandelwa ngurhulumente we-ANC ukusukela ngo-1994, kunye nengxuba kaxaka yobungxowankulu kwihlabathi liphela, ibangele ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho. Ngapha koko, uqoqosho aluzange lubuye kwakhona kwingozi ka-2008 xa ibethwa ziziphumo ezibi zobhubhane we-coronavirus. Ngoku ukudodobala kwehlabathi kuphinda kulutshabalalise uqoqosho.
Imveliso eKhaya yaseMzantsi Afrika (i-GDP) ikhule nge-0.2 yeepesenti encinci ngo-2019, ngokuchasene ne-0.8 yeepesenti ngo-2018. I-IMF ilindele ukuba yehle kuma-5.8 eepesenti ngowama-2020 ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwesi sifo. UNondyebo weSizwe ulindele ukuncipha okungange eepesenti ezisi-7.2. I-OECD ilindele iipesenti ezisi-8. Okwangoku i-Bhanki Enguvimba yaseMzantsi Afrika ikholelwa ekubeni i-GDP yehle ngama-32.6% rhoqo ngonyaka kwikota ephelileyo. Inyani yile yokuba akukho mntu uyazi ngokwenene imeko eyiyo. Umonakalo opheleleyo wezoqoqosho obangelwe yi-COVID-19 uyakucaca kuphela emva kweenyanga ezininzi, kwaye mhlawumbi kude kube yiminyaka ukusukela ngoku.
Ingxaki kuqoqosho inefuthe elibi kwimigangatho yokuphila. Abasebenzi ngoku bakwimeko embi kunakuqala kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo. Intswelangqesho yokwenyani ime kubantu abazizigidi ezili-10.2. Kule nto kufuneka kongezwe izigidi zemisebenzi elahlekileyo ngexesha lokutshixa. Abasebenzi abaphambili baphazanyisiwe zizigidi ezi-3 zokuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ngobusuku obunye. Intswela-ngqesho kulutsha yeyona nto iphakamileyo ehlabathini. Amanqanaba okungaqeshwa kwabantu abatsha abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-24 ame kuma-59 eepesenti. Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezisi-8 zabantu abancinci abakwilizwe abangama-20.5 abangenawo umsebenzi, bengekho nakwezemfundo okanye kuqeqesho. Isizukulwana esipheleleyo ngoku sele sikhulile kwaye oku seyaba yimpilo yange mihla ngemihla.
Impembelelo kwezentlalo
Impembelelo yentlalontle isika ide iyofikela ethanjeni. Kwanele ukukhankanya lengxuba kaxaka egulisayo yokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini ukuze uqonde ukuba inzulu kangakanani lengxaki. EMzantsi Afrika namhlanje, inani labasetyhini ababulewe ngamaqabane abo okanye abatshatileyo liphindwe kahlanu kunomyinge wehlabathi. Ukuba impilo yalo naluphi na uluntu inokulinganiswa ngendlela ebaphatha ngayo abantu ababhinqileyo, abantwana nabantu abadala, uluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika lukwimeko embi ngokungaqhelekanga. Kwakhona, oyena nobangela wale ngxaki yentlalo yinkqubo yongxowankulu ethe yaqhekeza intlalo, yancothula izigidi zabantu yaphazamisa nobomi boluntu.
UMzantsi Afrika yenye yezona ndawo zingalinganiyo ehlabathini ngengeniso nobutyebi. Ukuba sijonga umvuzo, sinokubona ukuba iipesenti enye ephezulu ifumana iipesenti ezingama-20 zayo yonke ingeniso, ngelixa ipesenti ezilishumi eziphezulu zithatha iipesenti ezingama-65 zayo yonke ingeniso. Owona mvuzo uphantsi we-10 leepesenti wehle ngeepesenti ezingama-25 phakathi kowama-2011 nowama-2015. Ngokwahlukileyo, umvuzo weepesenti ezimbini eziphezulu ukhule ngeepesenti ezili-15 kwangelo xesha linye. Ipesenti enye ephezulu yabona umvuzo wabo ukhula ngepesenti enkulu engama-48.
Abaphathi, ewe, abafumani nje umvuzo kwimivuzo kodwa nakwizinto ezinjengezabelo. Ngapha koko, ukungalingani kobutyebi eMzantsi Afrika kuyothusa. Esona sityebi sikhulu sineepesenti ezingama-67 zabo bonke ubutyebi, iipesenti ezili-10 eziphezulu zineepesenti ezingama-93, ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-90 eziseleyo zineepesenti ezisi-7 zobutyebi.
UMzantsi Afrika unoqoqosho oluphucukileyo noko kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Omnye wabathengisi abakhulu behlabathi begolide, iplatinam, kunye nezinye izibonelelo zendalo; ikwanamacandelo emizi-mveliso, ezezimali, ezamandla kunye nonxibelelwano.
Ngaphandle koku, uninzi lwabantu lukhokelela kubomi obunobungozi. Isiqingatha sabantu sihlala kwintlupheko. Ukondla umntu omnye ngesondlo kwinyanga enye kuxabisa phakathi kwama-530 nama-670 eerandi. Isibonelelo senkxaso yomntwana sama-440 eerandi ngenyanga asonelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesondlo somntwana, ngelixa isibonelelo sabadala se-1860 yeerandi sisilela kakhulu kwinto efunekayo ukukhawulelana neendleko zokugcina usapho. Le meko inje ngokubhekisele ekutyeni, ngaphambi kokuba sithathele ingqalelo indleko zothutho, irente, umbane, imfundo, impahla, njalo njalo. Umvuzo ophantsi wenyanga oyi-3, 500 uphantse ube sisiqingatha semali efunekayo ukuhlawula iindleko ezisisiseko zekhaya inyanga enye.
Iinkokeli zibambe intshukumo enkulu
Inginginya yabantu base Mzantsi Afrika banembali yeqhayiya lomzabalazo onobujoni. Bahlala bephuma ukuza kutshintsha imeko yabo kodwa ubunkokheli be-ANC kunye ne-SACP buqine enyaleni loku qhubeka nenkqubo yobungxowankulu, bekhusela ubundlobongela obuqhubekayo ebantwini. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, babambe amandla amakhulu okuguqula inginginya yabantu ngezizathu zokuba ngaphambi kokuba ubusoshiyali bufikeleleke, kufuneka sisombulule iingxaki “zangoku” ezinje ngobuhlanga, indlala, intswela ngqesho njalo njalo.
Kodwa ukuba ubungxowankulu bunokubakho ngaphandle kobuhlanga, indlala kunye nentswela-ngqesho kutheni uzikhathaza ngokulwela ubusoshiyali? Ukuba le nkqubo inokuzanelisa iimfuno ezisisiseko zoluntu, kutheni uzikhathaza ngokuyibhukuqa? AmaMarxists axhasa wonke umzabalazo wabasebenzi kunye namahlwempu ngokuchasene nentlupheko, usizi, ubuhlanga kunye nengcinezelo. Kodwa sikwalatha ukuba la ngamacandelo enkqubo yongxowankulu. Ekuphela kwendlela yokusombulula ezi ngxaki kukophula imida emxinwa yenkqubo yongxowankulu. Phantsi kongxowankulu, nakuphi na ukoyisa okufunyanwa ngabasebenzi kunokuba kokwethutyana kwaye kuya kujongelwa phantsi ngoongxowankulu, abalawula urhulumente noqoqosho.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950, i-ANC ibibambe ulawulo lwenkxaso olusondeleyo kubantu abantsundu, abasebenzayo. Ngoku, kumashumi eminyaka emva kokuphumelela konyulo luka-1994, umbutho wangaphambili wenkululeko ujongene nengxaki eyonakalisayo. Ukuwa kwegunya layo lokuziphatha, emva kweminyaka yenkohlakalo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi, sisiphumo sokulawula ngobungxowankulu. Kukho ukungqubana okukhulu kudidi. Ngelixa ubunkokheli be-ANC buzibandakanya nabantu abalawulayo, bephila ubomi obutofotofo kwaye bezibandakanya nokuxokozela kokuphanga nobusela, iimeko zabantu, abebesebenza njengombutho wezithuthi zabo, ziye zema okanye zaba mandundu.
Ingxaki embuthweni iveza ukuba umdla wale mikhosi mibini ayinakulungelelaniswa. Ukungqubana kweklasi kudiliza iqela. Ingxaki yeyokuba akukabikho qela lenene elineenguqu eMzantsi Afrika elinokuthi likhokelele abasebenzi kunye nabacinezelweyo kule ngxaki. Ukwakhiwa kwendlela yotshintsho olululo ngowona msebenzi ungxamisekileyo ojamelene nabasebenzi kunye nolutsha oluguqukayo eMzantsi Afrika namhlanje.
Alikho ikamva phantsi kongxowankulu, silwele ubusoshiyali!
Siphila kwixesha lokungazinzi okukhulu, ukungaqiniseki, kunye noxinzelelo kumgangatho wehlabathi. Ingxaki yezinto ezingundoqo zongxowankulu inefuthe elibi kubomi bezigidi zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ubungxowankulu buhamba ngeyona ngxaki inzima, kushiya umzila wentshabalalo emva kwayo.
Eli lixesha eliza kuphawulwa ziimfazwe, uguquko kunye nokuphikisana notshintsho. Lixesha lomzabalazo weklasi eliya kwenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu kunayo nantoni na esele siyibonile. Iziganeko zihamba ngesantya sentamo yekhefu. Kuya kubakho ukujika okubukhali kwaye ngesiquphe kwimeko. Isiphithiphithi nokungazinzi kulungelelwano lolo suku. Ngamafutshane, siphakathi kwelona xesha linzima kwimbali yomzabalazo weklasi. Akukho “kubuyela umva” kwixesha elidlulileyo, njengoko abanye benqwenela njalo. Okuqhelekileyo “okuqhelekileyo” kuhambile kwaye singene “ngesiqhelo esitsha”.
Esona sizathu soku kukuba ubungxowankulu bufikelele esiphelweni. Njengoko uMarx echazile, nje ukuba inkqubo yentlalo ingasakwazi ukuphuhlisa amandla emveliso ngendlela ebekade isenza ngayo, loo nkqubo ingena kwingxaki yotshintsho, ekhokelela ekubhukuqweni kwayo okanye ekonakaleni ngokupheleleyo koluntu. Zimbini iindlela ezijonge eluntwini: inguquko yobusoshiyali okanye ukwanda kokungalawuleki.
Inkqubo yongxowankulu ayinakho kwaphela ukubonelela abantu ngomgangatho ophucukileyo wokuphila. Yinkqubo yengcinezelo enkulu etyebisa imbinana yongxowankulu kwaye ityumza uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ekuphela kwendlela eya phambili yabasebenzi kunye nabacinezelweyo kukubhukuqa le nkqubo. Sidinga inguquko!
Ukuba uyavumelana nathi, ungajoyina uMzantsi Afrika woQhushululu kunye ne-International Marxist Tendency!